CAD is a common cardiovascular condition that occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, usually due to a buildup of cholesterol and other materials, known as plaque, on their inner walls. This process is called atherosclerosis. Over time, the reduced blood flow can lead to chest pain, known as angina, or even a heart attack. Managing CAD often involves lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet, regular exercise, and sometimes medications or invasive procedures to improve blood flow.