Invasive Coronary Angiography (ICA)* has long been regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing and assessing coronary artery disease in patients with stable angina. Also known as cardiac catheterization, ICA provides a comprehensive view of the arteries in the heart. It enables doctors to identify areas with diminished blood flow, helping to avert serious complications like heart attacks.

Possible Complications of Invasive Coronary Angiography

• Bleeding or bruising at the site where the tube enters the artery: *0.43%*
• Allergic reaction to the special dye (contrast medium): 0.37%, usually mild
• Circulation problems or temporary fluctuations in blood pressure: 0.26%
• Abnormal heart rhythms: 0.38%, generally short-lived
• Kidney damage is uncommon but can occur in individuals with pre-existing kidney issues due to the contrast medium
• Damage to the artery or heart wall: 0.03%